Wednesday, December 19, 2007
Tuesday, December 18, 2007
New Countries of the World
The 32 New Countries Created Since 1990
Since 1990, thirty-two new countries have been created. The dissolution of the USSR and Yugoslavia in the early 1990s caused the creation of most of the newly independent states.
You probably know about many of these changes but a few of these new countries seemed to slip by almost unnoticed. This comprehensive listing will update you about the countries which have formed since 1990.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Fifteen new countries became independent with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Most of these countries declared independence a few months preceding the fall of the Soviet Union in late 1991.
1. Armenia
2. Azerbaijan
3. Belarus
4. Estonia
5. Georgia
6. Kazakhstan
7. Kyrgyzstan
8. Latvia
9. Lithuania
10. Moldova
11. Russia
12. Tajikistan
13. Turkmenistan
14. Ukraine
15. Uzbekistan
Former Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s into five independent countries.
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina, February 29, 1992
2. Croatia, June 25, 1991
3. Macedonia (officially The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) declared independence on September 8, 1991 but wasn't recognized by the United Nations until 1993 and the United States and Russia in February of 1994
4. Serbia and Montenegro, (also known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), April 17, 1992 (see below for separate Serbia and Montenegro entries)
5. Slovenia, June 25, 1991
Other New Countries
Nine other countries became independent through a variety of causes.
• March 21, 1990 - Namibia became independent of South Africa.
• May 22, 1990 - North and South Yemen merged to form a unified Yemen.
• October 3, 1990 - East Germany and West Germany merged to form a unified Germany after the fall of the Iron Curtain.
• September 17, 1991 - The Marshall Islands was part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands (administered by the United States) and gained independence as a former colony.
• September 17, 1991 - Micronesia, previously known as the Caroline Islands, became independent from the United States.
• January 1, 1993 - The Czech Republic and Slovakia became independent nations when Czechoslovakia dissolved.
• May 25, 1993 - Eritrea was a part of Ethiopia but seceded and gained independence.
• October 1, 1994 - Palau was part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands (administered by the United States) and gained independence as a former colony.
• May 20, 2002 - East Timor (Timor-Leste) declared independence from Portugal in 1975 but did not became independent from Indonesia until 2002.
• June 3, 2006 - Montenegro was part of Serbia and Montenegro (also known as Yugoslavia) but gained independence after a referendum.
• June 5, 2006 - Serbia became its own entity after Montenegro split. Kosovo may also gain independence from Serbia in the coming months.
Since 1990, thirty-two new countries have been created. The dissolution of the USSR and Yugoslavia in the early 1990s caused the creation of most of the newly independent states.
You probably know about many of these changes but a few of these new countries seemed to slip by almost unnoticed. This comprehensive listing will update you about the countries which have formed since 1990.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Fifteen new countries became independent with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Most of these countries declared independence a few months preceding the fall of the Soviet Union in late 1991.
1. Armenia
2. Azerbaijan
3. Belarus
4. Estonia
5. Georgia
6. Kazakhstan
7. Kyrgyzstan
8. Latvia
9. Lithuania
10. Moldova
11. Russia
12. Tajikistan
13. Turkmenistan
14. Ukraine
15. Uzbekistan
Former Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s into five independent countries.
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina, February 29, 1992
2. Croatia, June 25, 1991
3. Macedonia (officially The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) declared independence on September 8, 1991 but wasn't recognized by the United Nations until 1993 and the United States and Russia in February of 1994
4. Serbia and Montenegro, (also known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), April 17, 1992 (see below for separate Serbia and Montenegro entries)
5. Slovenia, June 25, 1991
Other New Countries
Nine other countries became independent through a variety of causes.
• March 21, 1990 - Namibia became independent of South Africa.
• May 22, 1990 - North and South Yemen merged to form a unified Yemen.
• October 3, 1990 - East Germany and West Germany merged to form a unified Germany after the fall of the Iron Curtain.
• September 17, 1991 - The Marshall Islands was part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands (administered by the United States) and gained independence as a former colony.
• September 17, 1991 - Micronesia, previously known as the Caroline Islands, became independent from the United States.
• January 1, 1993 - The Czech Republic and Slovakia became independent nations when Czechoslovakia dissolved.
• May 25, 1993 - Eritrea was a part of Ethiopia but seceded and gained independence.
• October 1, 1994 - Palau was part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands (administered by the United States) and gained independence as a former colony.
• May 20, 2002 - East Timor (Timor-Leste) declared independence from Portugal in 1975 but did not became independent from Indonesia until 2002.
• June 3, 2006 - Montenegro was part of Serbia and Montenegro (also known as Yugoslavia) but gained independence after a referendum.
• June 5, 2006 - Serbia became its own entity after Montenegro split. Kosovo may also gain independence from Serbia in the coming months.
The World's Smallest Countries
The 17 Small Countries of Less Than 200 Square Miles in Area
This is a comprehensive listing of the world's seventeen independent smallest countries, from smallest to largest. They each contain less than 200 square miles in area. If we combined the land area of these 17 countries, we would have a country just a bit larger than the state Rhode Island. Even tiny Singapore is too big for this list (it's 246 square miles)!
1. Vatican City - 0.2 square miles - The world's smallest state, the Vatican has a population of 770, none of whom are permanent residents. The tiny country which surrounds St. Peter's Basilica is the spiritual center for the world's Roman Catholics (over 1 billion strong). Also known as the Holy See, Vatican City is surrounded by Rome, Italy.
2. Monaco - 0.7 square miles - The tiny state of Monaco lies along the French Riviera on the French Mediterranean coast near Nice.
3. Nauru - 8.5 square miles - The 13,000 residents of the Pacific island Nauru rely on diminishing phosphate deposits. The state became independent in 1968 and was formerly known as Pleasant Island.
4. Tuvalu - 9 square miles - Tuvalu is composed of 9 coral atolls along a 360 mile chain in Polynesia. They gained independence in 1978. The former Ellice Islands are home to 12,000.
5. San Marino - 24 square miles - Located on Mt. Titano in north central Italy, San Marino has 29,000 residents. The country claims to be the oldest state in Europe, having been founded in the fourth century.
6. Liechtenstein - 62 square miles - This microstate of 34,000 is located on the Rhine River between Switzerland and Austria in the Alps.
7. Marshall Islands - 70 square miles - The atolls (including the world's largest, Kwajalein), reefs, and 34 islands (population 58,000) gained independence in 1986; they were formerly part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands (and administered by the United States).
8. Saint Kitts and Nevis - 104 square miles - This Caribbean country of 39,000 gained independence in 1983. Nevis is the smaller island of the two and is guaranteed the right to secede.
9. Seychelles - 107 square miles - The 81,000 residents of this Indian Ocean island group have been independent of the United Kingdom since 1976.
10. Maldives - 115 square miles - Only 200 of the 2000 Indian Ocean islands which make up this country are occupied by 340,000 residents. The islands gained independence from the U.K. in 1965.
11. Malta - 122 square miles - This island is just south of the Italian island of Sicily. It became independent from the United Kingdom in 1964 and the British military were completely gone by 1979. The population is 400,000.
12. Grenada - 133 square miles - This Caribbean country (population 90,000) became independent of the U.K. in 1974. It's located quite close to Venezuela.
13. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - 150 square miles - 117,000 people live on these Windward Caribbean islands which gained independence from Britain in 1979.
14. Barbados - 166 square miles - About 280,000 people live on this Caribbean island, the farthest east of the Lesser Antilles. Barbados obtained independence from the U.K. in 1966.
15. Antigua and Barbuda - 171 square miles - This Caribbean nation of 69,000 has been independent from the United Kingdom since 1981. The three islands which compose this country rely on tourism (as do many of the Caribbean countries and territories).
16. Andorra - 180 square miles - The independent Principality of Andorra is co-governed by the President of France and the Spain's Bishop of Urgel. With just over 70,000 people, this mountainous tourist destination tucked in the Pyrenees between France and Spain has been independent since 1278.
17. Palau - 191 square miles - Palau (also known as Belau) was a Trust Territory of Pacific Islands. It was formerly known as the Carolines and is composed of more than 200 islands in the Pacific; the population is about 20,000. It became independent in 1994.
This is a comprehensive listing of the world's seventeen independent smallest countries, from smallest to largest. They each contain less than 200 square miles in area. If we combined the land area of these 17 countries, we would have a country just a bit larger than the state Rhode Island. Even tiny Singapore is too big for this list (it's 246 square miles)!
1. Vatican City - 0.2 square miles - The world's smallest state, the Vatican has a population of 770, none of whom are permanent residents. The tiny country which surrounds St. Peter's Basilica is the spiritual center for the world's Roman Catholics (over 1 billion strong). Also known as the Holy See, Vatican City is surrounded by Rome, Italy.
2. Monaco - 0.7 square miles - The tiny state of Monaco lies along the French Riviera on the French Mediterranean coast near Nice.
3. Nauru - 8.5 square miles - The 13,000 residents of the Pacific island Nauru rely on diminishing phosphate deposits. The state became independent in 1968 and was formerly known as Pleasant Island.
4. Tuvalu - 9 square miles - Tuvalu is composed of 9 coral atolls along a 360 mile chain in Polynesia. They gained independence in 1978. The former Ellice Islands are home to 12,000.
5. San Marino - 24 square miles - Located on Mt. Titano in north central Italy, San Marino has 29,000 residents. The country claims to be the oldest state in Europe, having been founded in the fourth century.
6. Liechtenstein - 62 square miles - This microstate of 34,000 is located on the Rhine River between Switzerland and Austria in the Alps.
7. Marshall Islands - 70 square miles - The atolls (including the world's largest, Kwajalein), reefs, and 34 islands (population 58,000) gained independence in 1986; they were formerly part of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands (and administered by the United States).
8. Saint Kitts and Nevis - 104 square miles - This Caribbean country of 39,000 gained independence in 1983. Nevis is the smaller island of the two and is guaranteed the right to secede.
9. Seychelles - 107 square miles - The 81,000 residents of this Indian Ocean island group have been independent of the United Kingdom since 1976.
10. Maldives - 115 square miles - Only 200 of the 2000 Indian Ocean islands which make up this country are occupied by 340,000 residents. The islands gained independence from the U.K. in 1965.
11. Malta - 122 square miles - This island is just south of the Italian island of Sicily. It became independent from the United Kingdom in 1964 and the British military were completely gone by 1979. The population is 400,000.
12. Grenada - 133 square miles - This Caribbean country (population 90,000) became independent of the U.K. in 1974. It's located quite close to Venezuela.
13. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - 150 square miles - 117,000 people live on these Windward Caribbean islands which gained independence from Britain in 1979.
14. Barbados - 166 square miles - About 280,000 people live on this Caribbean island, the farthest east of the Lesser Antilles. Barbados obtained independence from the U.K. in 1966.
15. Antigua and Barbuda - 171 square miles - This Caribbean nation of 69,000 has been independent from the United Kingdom since 1981. The three islands which compose this country rely on tourism (as do many of the Caribbean countries and territories).
16. Andorra - 180 square miles - The independent Principality of Andorra is co-governed by the President of France and the Spain's Bishop of Urgel. With just over 70,000 people, this mountainous tourist destination tucked in the Pyrenees between France and Spain has been independent since 1278.
17. Palau - 191 square miles - Palau (also known as Belau) was a Trust Territory of Pacific Islands. It was formerly known as the Carolines and is composed of more than 200 islands in the Pacific; the population is about 20,000. It became independent in 1994.
Friday, December 14, 2007
Software change management products
IBM Rational ClearQuest®: Automated and flexible software change management across the software lifecycle.
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/clearquest/
IBM Rational ClearQuest MultiSite: Provides replication and synchronization of Rational ClearQuest repositories across distributed sites.
IBM Rational ClearQuest and ClearQuest MultiSite: Automated and flexible software change management including repository replication and synchronization across distributed sites.
IBM® Rational® ClearCase® Change Management Solution: Integrated software configuration management and software change management
IBM Rational ClearCase Change Management Solution Enterprise Edition: Integrated software configuration management and software change management, including repository replication and synchronization across distributed sites.
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/clearquest/
IBM Rational ClearQuest MultiSite: Provides replication and synchronization of Rational ClearQuest repositories across distributed sites.
IBM Rational ClearQuest and ClearQuest MultiSite: Automated and flexible software change management including repository replication and synchronization across distributed sites.
IBM® Rational® ClearCase® Change Management Solution: Integrated software configuration management and software change management
IBM Rational ClearCase Change Management Solution Enterprise Edition: Integrated software configuration management and software change management, including repository replication and synchronization across distributed sites.
Software configuration management products
IBM® Rational® ClearCase®: Comprehensive software configuration management for any size project.
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/clearcase
IBM Rational ClearCase LT: Software configuration management for small, local projects.
IBM Rational ClearCase MultiSite®: Provides replication and synchronization of Rational ClearCase repositories across distributed sites.
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/clearcase/multisite/
IBM Rational ClearCase and ClearCase MultiSite: Comprehensive software configuration management including repository replication and synchronization across distributed sites.
IBM Rational ClearCase Change Management Solution: Integrated software configuration management and software change management.
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/clearcase
IBM Rational ClearCase LT: Software configuration management for small, local projects.
IBM Rational ClearCase MultiSite®: Provides replication and synchronization of Rational ClearCase repositories across distributed sites.
http://www-306.ibm.com/software/awdtools/clearcase/multisite/
IBM Rational ClearCase and ClearCase MultiSite: Comprehensive software configuration management including repository replication and synchronization across distributed sites.
IBM Rational ClearCase Change Management Solution: Integrated software configuration management and software change management.
Automated Testing Tools
Automating testing tools
1> Ruby Open Source [http://wtr.rubyforge.org/]
2>Testing tool from HP (formally known as Mercury Interactive) - http://www.hp.com/go/software
o WinRunner is a functional GUI testing tool.
o QuickTest Professional (QTP) is a functional GUI testing tool
o LoadRunner is a load testing tool
3>Borland® SilkTest® - An Automated Regression and Functional Software Testing Tool
http://www.borland.com/us/products/silk/silktest/index.html
4>QACenter Enterprise Edition [http://www.compuware.com/products/qacenter/enterprise.htm]
5>Tools list: http://www.sqa-test.com/toolpage.html
1> Ruby Open Source [http://wtr.rubyforge.org/]
2>Testing tool from HP (formally known as Mercury Interactive) - http://www.hp.com/go/software
o WinRunner is a functional GUI testing tool.
o QuickTest Professional (QTP) is a functional GUI testing tool
o LoadRunner is a load testing tool
3>Borland® SilkTest® - An Automated Regression and Functional Software Testing Tool
http://www.borland.com/us/products/silk/silktest/index.html
4>QACenter Enterprise Edition [http://www.compuware.com/products/qacenter/enterprise.htm]
5>Tools list: http://www.sqa-test.com/toolpage.html
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